
Throughout history, people have called upon righteous individuals believing them to be a means of drawing closer to Allah. The Qur’an, however, draws a clear distinction between directing requests to Allah and directing them to created beings. Examining this distinction is essential to understanding tawassul, istighāthah, and the preservation of pure worship. Read more →

Many people invoke prophets, imams, saints, or other revered figures while maintaining they do not regard them as gods. The Qur’an, however, focuses not only on beliefs about a being’s status, but also on the acts of devotion directed toward it, raising important questions about the nature of worship and pure tawḥīd. Read more →